Which document typically governs promotion and demotion processes in the military?

The correct answer is the Army Regulation, as this type of document is specifically designed to provide detailed guidelines and policies related to various aspects of military operations, including personnel management and the processes for promotions and demotions. Army Regulations are authoritative and cover comprehensive procedures that ensure consistency and fairness in how personnel actions are conducted across the armed forces.

In the context of promotion and demotion, these regulations outline eligibility criteria, the evaluation process, and the rights of soldiers, serving as a crucial reference for leaders and soldiers alike. They are binding, meaning that all members of the Army must adhere to the standards set forth in the regulation.

While Field Manuals provide training and operational guidance, they do not govern personnel actions directly. General Orders typically address specific directives related to immediate tasks or orders for units, and Standard Operating Procedures focus on routine operations within individual units but are not as comprehensive or authoritative as Army Regulations when it comes to promotions and demotions.