What are the two primary reasons for an enlisted demotion?

The two primary reasons for an enlisted demotion are misconduct and failure to meet performance standards. Misconduct encompasses a range of inappropriate behaviors that violate Army regulations, including but not limited to unethical actions, violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), or any behavior that undermines the integrity of the military service.

Failure to meet performance standards refers to a soldier's inability to fulfill their assigned duties effectively, which can also include not achieving necessary competencies or failing to meet the expectations set forth in their military occupational specialty (MOS). This can lead to a demotion, as maintaining both conduct and performance standards is vital for the operational effectiveness of the Army.

In the context of the other options, while poor conduct and attendance are impactful, they are generally integrated within the broader category of misconduct rather than as standalone reasons. Additionally, poor physical fitness and insubordination may contribute to overall concerns regarding a soldier's ability to serve, but they do not encapsulate the full scope of reasons leading to a demotion on their own as effectively as misconduct and performance issues.